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Cell Structure and Function MCQs for MDCAT Practice

Biology section, Cell Structure and Function chapter. Up to eight free sample questions, each with the correct answer and a worked explanation. The full chapter opens in the app.

The bank has 2,678 active questions on this chapter. Your first 500 practice attempts are free, and every attempt includes a worked explanation.

  1. Question 1
    All of the following scientists studied cells except
    • Hooke
    • van Leeuwenhoek
    • Schleiden
    • Schwann
    • Linnaeus (correct answer)
    Correct answer: E
    All four named scientists contributed to early cell discovery/theory; option E represents a researcher outside cell biology, making it the correct exception.
  2. Question 2
    Following are some events of a phase of growth in plants. I. The walls of cells become thicker. II. The walls of tissues become pitted. III. New structural features develop. The above events belong to the phase of
    • cell division.
    • elongation.
    • maturation.
    • differentiation. (correct answer)
    Correct answer: D
    This question tests understanding of plant growth phases, specifically identifying the maturation phase by its characteristic cellular and tissue modifications.
  3. Question 3
    Ribosomes exist in two forms, either attached with RER or freely dispersed in the:
    • Tonoplast
    • Golgi bodies
    • Cytoplasm (correct answer)
    • SER
    Correct answer: C
    Ribosomes, the protein synthesis machinery, are found either bound to the RER or free in the cytoplasm, depending on the protein's destination.
  4. Question 4
    In chloroplasts, chlorophyll is present in the:
    • Outer membrane
    • Inner membrane
    • Thylakoids (correct answer)
    • Stroma
    Correct answer: C
    Chlorophyll, the pigment essential for photosynthesis, is embedded within the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts.
  5. Question 5
    Kinetochore is a complex of _______ associated with the centromere of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach.
    • DNA
    • Carbohydrates
    • Nucleosomes
    • Proteins (correct answer)
    Correct answer: D
    The kinetochore, crucial for chromosome segregation, is a protein complex that anchors spindle microtubules to the centromere.
  6. Question 6
    Which structures are found in both animal cells and plant cells?
    • Cell membrane and chloroplasts
    • Cell membrane and nucleus (correct answer)
    • Cell wall and chloroplasts
    • Cell wall and nucleus
    Correct answer: B
    This question probes the fundamental differences and similarities in organelle composition between animal and plant cells, a core concept in cell biology.
  7. Question 7
    Chromosomes begin migrating to opposite poles.
    • Telophase
    • Metaphase
    • Prophase
    • Anaphase (correct answer)
    Correct answer: D
    Anaphase is the stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
  8. Question 8
    A cell without a cell wall is termed as?
    • Tonoplast
    • Protoplast (correct answer)
    • Symplast
    • Epiblast
    Correct answer: B
    Understand that a protoplast is a plant cell or bacterial cell whose cell wall has been removed, leaving only the plasma membrane and its contents.

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